It’s no secret that felines are seafood lovers. Crawfish might seem safe for your cat, and you might consider giving them a sample. While a small taste of cooked, adequately prepared crawfish won’t hurt your cat, it’s not an ideal snack for them.

Crawfish can pose several problems for our cats and is best avoided to eliminate the risk of adverse reactions. In this article, we’ll examine what exactly it is about crawfish that is undesirable for your cat and the consequences it could have on their body.

Cats Shouldn’t Eat Crawfish

Crawfish, also known as crayfish or crawdads, are small crustaceans similar to lobsters. Cats shouldn’t have crawfish much, or at all, in their diet. It doesn’t provide sufficient nutrients necessary to keep your cat healthy. Plus, the risks usually outweigh the benefits.

Raw crawfish can carry lung flukes and bacteria that can make your cat extremely sick. Even cooked crawfish can carry risks of transmitting bacteria, and the shells are a serious hazard to the digestive tract.

Even though crawfish are aromatic and appealing to most cats, they should avoid them. If they have already consumed a large portion of crawfish, or you notice any unusual signs after they ate a small amount, call your veterinarian for further guidance. They might have you monitor your cat for several hours or days or request you come in.

Risks of Eating Crawfish

Crawfish might sound cat-friendly, but the risks should convince you otherwise. Here are some to consider before letting your cat sample your crawfish boil.

1. Food Poisoning

Raw or spoiled crawfish can carry harmful bacteria, but consuming it hours after it’s been sitting out can also lead to problems. Crawfish can carry the risk of foodborne bacteria, such as E. coli, listeria, salmonella, and vibrio. This is very rare for processed crawfish, but it can occur. Your cat can get incredibly sick from these infections.

2. Choking Hazards

Because the crawfish’s shell is sharp, rough, and indigestible, it can easily lodge in your cat’s throat. If it blocks their airway, it can be life-threatening.

If a piece of crawfish is stuck in your cat’s throat, get them to the vet as quickly as possible.

3. Intestinal Blockages

Crawfish have very tough exteriors that serve as protective armor in the wild. When cooked, the layer stays firm and will not break down easily. If your cat swallows the pieces, they can obstruct the intestines.

Gastrointestinal obstruction is an emergency and requires immediate intervention and usually surgery.

4. Cats Consuming Dead Crawfish

If you live in an area where cats can access wild crawfish, your cat could eat a dead, raw crawfish and run the risk of developing severe health problems.

As well as digestive issues and stomach pains, dead crawfish increase the risk of bacterial infections, including botulism. Although cats are more resistant to the botulism toxin when ingested, it can cause paralysis.

Most cats recover from botulism with supportive care. An antitoxin is available, but it is unfortunately not effective once the signs of paralysis have developed. In very severe cases, the toxin can affect a cat’s ability to breathe and can even be fatal.

5. Seafood Allergies in Cats

Cats can suffer from food allergies, usually to more common protein sources such as chicken and beef.  Seafood allergies, while rare, are possible. The signs of seafood allergies are similar to any other food allergy.

Speak to your vet if you are concerned your cat may be showing signs of a food allergy. They may discuss an elimination diet trial with you, but in the meantime, remove seafood from your cat’s menu.

Health Benefits of Crawfish for Cats

Now that you know all the risks of cats eating crawfish, are there any positives? Your cat can get nothing from crawfish meat that they cannot get from their standard diet. However, they might enjoy the taste, and it has a few perks.

Crawfish contains a substantial amount of protein, omega fatty acids, B vitamins, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, and phosphorus. If you want to give your cat a cooked meat source to amp up the protein content in their diet, try boiled, unseasoned meat selections like chicken, turkey, and beef.

Do Cats Like Crawfish?

Because crawfish is a source of animal protein, your cat will probably be very attracted to it. If you’re eating crawfish, they might come around to see if they can sample a few bites.

If your cat lived in the wild, they wouldn’t touch a live crawfish since it’s not a part of their diet. Naturally, some cats don’t show much of an interest in it. But overall, it is an appetizing dish that will get most cats’ attention.

Throwing Away Crawfish Leftovers

If you had a meal with crawfish, it is essential to dispose of it properly. If you throw away crawfish shells, your cat might be tempted to dive in the trash. Therefore, taking the trash out shortly after pitching the leftovers is best. If your cat gets ahold of the crawfish, they can eat pieces of the shell, causing choking and blockages, as we mentioned above.

Meat sitting out can also spoil quickly, leading to foodborne illness. Properly disposing of the contents can easily prevent those issues. The best way to prevent your cat from getting into this is to remove it from the home or make it inaccessible overnight to avoid the situation altogether.

Conclusion

Due to the risks, crawfish is far from an ideal treat for your cat. However, if you give your cat a small taste, ensure all exoskeleton pieces are fully removed, and the crawfish is thoroughly cooked.

Your cat can get most of their nutrients from cat food sources, and although crawfish contains protein and other nutrients, is not a natural part of a feline’s diet. There are plenty of other alternatives that can provide essential nutrients for your feline companion.

Featured Image Credit: Si Vo, Shutterstock

The post Can Cats Eat Crawfish? Vet-Reviewed Risk & Benefits by Lindsey Lawson appeared first on Catster. Copying over entire articles infringes on copyright laws. You may not be aware of it, but all of these articles were assigned, contracted and paid for, so they aren't considered public domain. However, we appreciate that you like the article and would love it if you continued sharing just the first paragraph of an article, then linking out to the rest of the piece on Catster.com.

Just like ours, a cat’s body is made up of a variety of systems, which is an organization of varying organs and glands that are arranged to perform complex functions for the body that are essential for survival. There are 10 major bodily systems, including the skeletal, muscular, nervous, endocrine, cardiovascular, lymphatic, respiratory, digestive, urinary, and reproductive systems.

In this article, we’re going to talk about the endocrine system, which is made up of the glands and organs that produce hormones. Hormones are the body’s chemical messengers that carry information and instructions from one set of cells to another. They are essential to a variety of bodily functions and biological processes throughout your cat’s life. So, how exactly does the endocrine system work? Keep reading to learn more.

How Does a Cat’s Endocrine System Work?

The endocrine system influences nearly every cell, organ, and bodily function. The endocrine glands both release and regulate the hormones in the bloodstream, which travel to various tissues and organs throughout the body. Hormones are the body’s messengers, and this system works by continuously monitoring the amount of hormones in the cat’s body and allowing the messages to be relayed.

How much of each hormone is released can vary depending on how many hormones are already present in the blood. Hormone levels can easily be affected by various factors such as stress, infection, hydration, age, health status, and nutritional balance.

Hormones carry information and send signals from one set of cells to another and play a key role in many important bodily functions including:

What Organs Make Up the Endocrine System?

The endocrine system is made up of various organs that each perform different functions. Here’s an overview of what those organs and functions are.

Hypothalamus

This gland is located in your brain and controls your endocrine system. It uses information from your nervous system to determine when to tell other glands, including the pituitary gland, to produce hormones. The hypothalamus controls many processes in your body, including your mood, hunger and thirst, sleep patterns, and sexual function.

Pituitary Gland

The pituitary gland is a very small gland located at the base of the brain. Despite its small size, it has a very large job. This gland makes the hormones that control several other glands, including the thyroid, adrenals, ovaries, and testicles.

Thyroid

The thyroid is a butterfly-shaped gland situated in the front of the neck. It is responsible for metabolism, which is how the body converts food into energy.

Parathyroids

These four tiny glands produce the parathyroid hormone, which plays an important role in regulating the level of calcium in the body.

Adrenal Glands

There are two adrenal glands, each located in front of the cat’s kidneys. They have two parts—the cortex and the medulla. These glands play a key role in metabolism, blood pressure, sexual development, and stress response.

Pineal Gland

The pineal gland is a tiny pinecone-shaped gland that’s primary role is to receive information about the state of the light and dark, or night and day, cycle in the environment. It is in control of the sleep and wake cycle by secreting the hormone melatonin.

Pancreas

The pancreas is part of the endocrine system but also plays a significant role in the digestive system. It contains exocrine glands that produce enzymes that aid in digestion and endocrine glands that produce the hormones insulin and glucagon, which regulate blood sugar levels in the body.

Ovaries

The ovaries are part of both the endocrine system and the female reproductive system. They are responsible for producing eggs and releasing sex hormones, including estrogen and progesterone.

Testes

The testes are part of the endocrine system and the male reproductive system. They are responsible for releasing the hormone testosterone, which is responsible for sperm production, muscle strength, and sexual behavior.

Conditions and Diseases That Affect the Endocrine System

A cat can suffer from many health conditions that can affect the endocrine system and how well it functions. Here are some of the endocrine system conditions that can affect cats, although some are rarer than others.

Hyperthyroidism

Hyperthyroidism is a common endocrine disease in cats, especially for those 8 years of age and older. This condition occurs when the thyroid overproduces the thyroid hormones. In 99 percent of cases, hyperthyroidism is caused by a benign tumor of the thyroid gland. Clinical signs include weight loss, increased appetite, increased thirst, increased urination, and an unkempt coat. It can also lead to vomiting, diarrhea, and hyperactivity.

Hypothyroidism

Hypothyroidism refers to an underactive thyroid in which there are low levels of thyroid hormones produced in the cat’s body. These low levels of thyroid hormone will slow the metabolism, resulting in clinical signs such as weight gain, hair loss, lethargy, weakness, low body temperature, and cold intolerance.

Hypothyroidism is rare in felines and is often seen in those who have undergone surgery or iodine therapy as a treatment for hyperthyroidism. In very rare cases, it can be caused by cancer, iodine deficiency, or congenital disease that results in thyroid abnormalities.

Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes mellitus is a disease of the pancreas that affects how the body uses blood sugar or glucose. It can be broken down into two categories:

Type I

Type I diabetes occurs when the pancreas is unable to produce the levels of insulin the body needs due to total or near-complete destruction of the beta cells responsible for the process. This is very rare in cats, but those that suffer from this type will be insulin dependent.

Type II

Type II diabetes occurs when the insulin-producing cells remain, but the amount of insulin produced is either insufficient or unable to be properly utilized by the tissues. This is the most common type of diabetes in cats and can be caused by several factors, including obesity, old age, lack of activity, and certain medications.

Hypocalcemia

Hypocalcemia involves low levels of calcium in the bloodstream. It occurs when the regulation of the calcium levels within the blood is impaired. Hypercalcemia is most often a postoperative complication following surgical treatment for hyperthyroidism or the result of chronic renal failure.

Cushing’s Disease

Also known as hyperadrenocorticism, Cushing’s disease is uncommon in cats and develops when there is a persistent, excessive production of cortisol from the adrenal glands. This disease can either be naturally occurring as the result of a tumor affecting either the pituitary gland or the adrenals or caused by long-term use of corticosteroids to treat another health condition.

Addison’s Disease

Also referred to as hypoadrenocorticism, Addison’s disease occurs when the adrenal glands do not produce enough glucocorticoids, which are steroids, to allow for normal body function. The condition is rare in cats, but it does occur. It results from the description of adrenal gland tissue, which is most often due to the immune system attacking the adrenals.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

How Do Endocrine System Diseases Develop?

Endocrine system diseases can develop when there is either too much or not enough hormones produced or when the normal pathways for hormones to be used and removed are disrupted in some way. Clinical signs can develop as the result of issues within tissues affected by the hormones or a problem in another part of the body that has been affected by these hormones.

What Are the Most Common Endocrine Disorders Seen in Cats?

The most common endocrine disorders in cats are Hyperthyroidism and Type II Diabetes Mellitus.

How Do I Keep My Cat’s Endocrine System Healthy?

The best way to ensure your cat has a healthy endocrine system is to focus on overall health. This includes feeding a nutritious, well-balanced, high-quality diet that is high in protein, moderate in fat and contains minimal carbohydrates. Likewise, adequate hydration is important for a cat’s overall health.

Make sure your cat gets plenty of mental stimulation and physical exercise, and keep up with regular veterinary care. If you ever notice any unusual signs or behaviors, never hesitate to contact your vet to have them evaluated.

Conclusion

A cat’s endocrine system works by releasing and regulating hormones in the bloodstream through various glands and organs within the body. This system is just one of many vital systems that are essential for overall bodily function. The endocrine system plays a vital role in growth and development, metabolism, reproductive function, behavior, and many other processes.

Featured Image Credit: MULTI ILHAM ANUGRIYA, Shutterstock

The post How Your Cat’s Endocrine System Works (Vet Approved Overview) by Lindsey Lawson appeared first on Catster. Copying over entire articles infringes on copyright laws. You may not be aware of it, but all of these articles were assigned, contracted and paid for, so they aren't considered public domain. However, we appreciate that you like the article and would love it if you continued sharing just the first paragraph of an article, then linking out to the rest of the piece on Catster.com.

When you are looking to bring a new furry family member into the home, it is essential to research different breeds to understand more about their looks, personality, traits, and care needs before making a final commitment. Knowing the differences between breeds will ultimately help you decide which is more suitable for your household.

The Burmese is a very unique-looking cat breed that has been around since the 1930s and has remained a very popular breed to this day. The Bombay is a hybrid breed that was created in the 1960s by breeding the Burmese with black domestic shorthairs to get the look of the breathtaking black panther but in a smaller package.

The truth is, there aren’t very many differences between the two aside from looks, but in this article, we’ll take a deeper dive into each breed so that you can learn a little more about them.

Visual Differences

At a Glance

Burmese Overview

The Burmese cat breed got its start in 1930 when Dr. Joseph Thompson of San Francisco brought home a small brown female cat from the country of Burma, which is now known as Myanmar. Her name was Wong Mau, and through selective breeding with Siamese males, the unique brown coat color known as sable was established.

The breed quickly grew in popularity across the United States because of their unique look, sociable nature, and affectionate personality.

Due to an increasing number of hybrids in cat shows, the Cat Fanciers’ Association withdrew the recognition of the breed in 1947, but they were eventually re-established and granted championship status with the CFA in 1957.

Nowadays, the Burmese cat comes in several coat varieties, four of which are recognized by the CFA: sable, champagne, blue, and platinum.

Personality / Character

Burmese are well known for having certain dog-like tendencies. They are highly intelligent and enjoy learning tricks and may even enjoy a good old-fashioned game of fetch. The breed is very sociable and will love spending time with their family and snuggling up on their laps.

These cats are very affectionate and loving. They generally do very well in homes with children and other animals, including dogs. Because they enjoy having company, they often do not enjoy being left alone. They tend to be a bit chatty, so expect the Burmese to try to communicate with you vocally, especially when they want your attention.

Activity Needs

The Burmese have a very athletic physique and are known for being solidly built. They also have fairly high energy levels that stay with them far beyond kittenhood. They are excellent climbers and typically enjoy jumping.

These cats should be kept as indoor house cats and do not have any specific exercise requirements, as they will typically keep themselves entertained. It’s a good idea to have a variety of toys, a cat tree, and some scratching posts handy to keep them occupied.

Health

Regular veterinary care is key to keeping the Burmese as healthy and happy as possible. Burmese are generally a very healthy cat breed, but they are known for enjoying a good meal, which can easily lead to obesity if portions are not monitored.

Since obesity can lead to other serious health concerns, such as diabetes, heart problems, and more, it is important to feed your Burmese a properly portioned, nutritionally balanced diet and avoid overfeeding.

Grooming and Care

Burmese have short, sleek coats that require very little grooming. You can always carve out time for a nice, relaxing brushing session that will help remove any loose fur and allow time for bonding.

It’s a good idea to start regular nail trims and tooth brushing during kittenhood to help them become accustomed to these practices. Oral hygiene is especially important since cats are highly susceptible to dental disease.

Suitable For:

Burmese cats make great companions for anyone looking for a friendly, playful indoor cat. The breed’s demeanor makes them excellent for families with children, seniors, and households with other pets. They do not enjoy being alone, so if there are no other pets in the household, it’s a good idea for their humans to be home throughout most of the day.

Bombay Overview

The Bombay breed was developed by breeding the Burmese with the black domestic shorthair. Nikki Horner, a cat breeder from Louisville, Kentucky, set out to create a cat breed that bore a strong resemblance to a black panther.

The attempt to create a domesticated mini black panther was successful in 1965 and the Bombay was officially recognized as a breed and registered by the Cat Fanciers’ Association in 1970. Championship status with the CFA came shortly afterward in 1976.

The Bombay falls into the same height and weight range as the Burmese and also features that shiny, sleek coat. In fact, the breed gets the majority of its traits from its Burmese roots; the biggest difference between the two is coat color. While the Burmese come in a variety of coat colors, the Bombay is solid black.

Personality / Character

The Bombay is a very social, intelligent cat that loves to be around people. They form very strong bonds with their family members and prefer to be in their company as much as possible. They do not like being alone, and it’s common for the breed to exhibit signs of separation anxiety when left alone for long periods.

This is an incredibly friendly breed that gets along well with children and other pets. The Bombay is typically only vocal when necessary and has a very soft, quiet voice. They will thoroughly enjoy sleeping either on or near their people and will often feel the need to keep by your side throughout the day. This is not a breed that will shy away from the commotion of the household.

Activity Needs

Bombays, like the Burmese, have a sturdy, strong build. They are very agile climbers and jumpers, so it’s best to have a cat tree and other high surfaces they can enjoy. They are quite active, so they will benefit greatly from having plenty of toys to keep them engaged and stimulated.

While they will have no trouble curling up for a good nap, this breed will enjoy having a family that can set aside time for one-on-one interaction and play. Like any cat, they may start to slow down as they age, but their high energy levels will be carried well into adulthood.

Health

The Bombay tends to be a very healthy breed with little to no predisposition to specific genetic health problems. Keeping up with regular veterinary care is very important in maintaining their health.

Like the Burmese, they tend to become overweight if their diet is not monitored carefully or if they are not getting regular exercise. Bombays should be fed a high-quality, well-balanced diet that is appropriately portioned to help prevent obesity and any of the related health conditions that can happen as a result.

Grooming and Care

The Bombay’s short, sleek, black coat is very easy to maintain. They require very little grooming but can always benefit from routine brushing to remove any loose fur, as well as nail trimmings as needed. Tooth brushing should be implemented during kittenhood since dental disease is common in cats and preventative measures are very important for maintaining overall health.

Suitable For:

Much like the Burmese, the Bombay is suitable for most households looking for an indoor cat that is friendly, social, and lovable. Since they do not like to be alone, they are best suited for households that have someone home most of the time. The breed is great for families with children, households with other pets, and seniors that can devote their time to them.

Which Breed Is Right for You?

When it comes to comparing the Burmese with the Bombay, you’ve probably noticed there is not much difference between the two besides coat color. The Bombay is a hybrid breed that is directly descended from the Burmese and draws a lot of its characteristics directly from those Burmese roots.

Both breeds are highly sociable, intelligent, friendly, and love to be around people. Each does well with children and other pets and will enjoy being involved in household activities. They are built very similarly, have high energy levels, and enjoy jumping, climbing, and exploring.

Neither the Burmese nor the Bombay like to be left alone and may show signs of separation anxiety when left alone for long periods. It’s important to remember each cat is an individual with its own unique personality, but overall, the decision between the two ultimately comes down to whether you prefer the coat color varieties of the Burmese or are looking for a solid black cat that looks like a little black panther.

See also: 

• Bombay Cat vs Black Cat: The Differences (With Pictures)
• Ocicat vs Egyptian Mau: Main Differences (With Pictures)

Featured Image Credit: Left – Oleksandr Volchanskyi, Shutterstock | Right – Viktor Sergeevich, Shutterstock

The post Burmese vs. Bombay Cat: The Differences (With Pictures) by Lindsey Lawson appeared first on Catster. Copying over entire articles infringes on copyright laws. You may not be aware of it, but all of these articles were assigned, contracted and paid for, so they aren't considered public domain. However, we appreciate that you like the article and would love it if you continued sharing just the first paragraph of an article, then linking out to the rest of the piece on Catster.com.

Our beloved cats give us a lifetime of love, laughter, and joy, but aging will ultimately take its toll on all of us. It’s fairly common to hear that a pet died of old age, but this is a common misconception. Aging, in and of itself, is not a cause of death. That being said, increasing age is considered a risk factor for some diseases in cats.

When a senior cat passes away, it is often the result of various health conditions and organ system failure that is associated with old age. Generally, there will be signs of illness and deteriorating health before death occurs.

The Life Stages of a Cat

Indoor cats live an average of 12 to 18 years but some have even been known to make it past 20. The life stages of a cat are broken up into four categories:

Just because a cat is considered a senior does not mean their health is going to rapidly deteriorate. Each cat is unique, and many factors will play a role in how many years they get here on Earth, including genetics, medical conditions, nutrition, weight, and more. There’s no set age for when a cat will begin to slow down and show signs they are nearing the end.

The 7 Most Common Illnesses in Older Cats

Various health conditions lead to the death of a senior cat. Certain conditions are much more common than others, with the most common illnesses in older cats being:

1. Cancer

Cancer is the leading cause of death among cats and accounts for approximately a third of deaths in cats over 10 years of age. Though the exact cause of cancer is unknown, Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV), the agent that causes cat parvo, is thought to be a major contributor for cancer formation. Therefore, vaccinations for FeLV are highly recommended for your cat.Other factors that increase the risk of cancers in cats include toxins in their environment, passive smoking, diet, high amounts of exposure to the sun, and their genetics.

Cats can develop many different types of cancers, though some of the more common ones include lymphomas, skin cancers, mammary gland cancers, and abdominal cancers.The initial sign of cancer manifestation is often a lump or bump somewhere on your cat’s body. Additional signs of cancer are as follows:

2. Kidney Disease

Kidney disease is very common in senior cats and occurs from damage to the kidneys. Signs of kidney disease often don’t show up until the disease has progressed. The kidneys are responsible for removing waste from the bloodstream, helping to regulate certain minerals, conserving water for the body, and producing urine to excrete the waste. In addition, the kidneys produce a hormone known as erythropoietin, which is needed for the release of new red blood cells from bone marrow into your kitty’s bloodstream.

Urinalysis and blood tests will be performed to properly diagnose kidney disease. Your vet may also perform additional diagnostics to have a look at your cat’s kidneys and urinary tract, such as X-rays and ultrasounds.

A short-term injury to the kidney, termed acute kidney disease, usually has a good prognosis if diagnosed and treated promptly. Unfortunately, chronic kidney diseases (CKD) don’t have a specific cure, and treatment involves a method of providing your kitty with comfort and managing other signs of the disease. Prognosis is dependent on the individual, how advanced the disease is, and the response to treatment.

As mentioned before, the signs of kidney disease don’t present themselves until a certain amount of damage has been sustained by these organs. Therefore, it is very important to have routine veterinary check-ups for your cat, which may assist with early detection of a developing health issue. It is advised to have a wellness checkup with your vet at least once for young and adult cats, and twice per year for seniors.

3. Heart Disease

Heart disease is a blanket term for any abnormality of the heart. According to the American Veterinary Medical Association, heart disease can affect as many as 1 in 10 cats worldwide. This is a very serious, life-threatening condition that can be broken down into two separate categories:

Congenital- Typically the result of developmental issues within the heart during fetal development. Congenital heart disease may affect only one kitten within a litter but can also be caused by inherited health disorders that can affect more than one kitten. Unfortunately, these kittens often don’t live as long as other cats do. Therefore, it is important for breeders to properly screen potential parents for genetic issues prior to having litters. If you’re going to adopt or purchase a purebred kitten, ask for proof of genetic tests performed on the parents or the litter to rule out heart issues. Breeds such as the Maine Coon, Bengal, and Siamese are particularly prone to congenital heart issues. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is the most common form of heart disease in cats and is often acquired genetically in these breeds.

Acquired- Acquired heart disease refers to the onset of heart disease due to damage to the heart and can be the result of an inherited health condition that developed over time. Hypertension is also common in older cats and can lead to heart issues as well. The exact cause of hypertension developing in older cats isn’t properly understood yet.

4. Diabetes

Diabetes, known scientifically as diabetes mellitus, is an endocrine disease system that occurs when blood sugar can no longer be effectively regulated by the body. Chronic obesity is one of the leading causes of diabetes in companion animals. Low-quality diets high in carbohydrates are also a common cause of diabetes in cats.

Diabetes must be diagnosed and managed under the care of your veterinarian. Though diabetes can negatively impact your cat’s quality of life and shorten their lifespan, it is important to note that with good compliance on your part, the disease can be managed well, and your cat may have an excellent prognosis depending on other factors (such as a lack of other diseases and no other chronic complications).

The most common complication of diabetes in cats is the development of nervous system issues at their limbs. The main sign of this complication is a weakness of their hind legs. These muscular weaknesses and neural deficiencies can be reversed in some cases; however, this process is slow and often takes months to fully achieve. In addition, cats with diabetes are more prone to infections and often easily succumb to recurrent infections. It is important to work with your vet on a regular basis when dealing with a diabetic cat to manage such complications as best as possible.

• See Also: How Your Cat’s Endocrine System Works (Vet Approved Overview)

5. Arthritis

Arthritis, also known as osteoarthritis or OA, is a condition involving inflammation and degeneration of one or more joints. Arthritis causes pain and inflammation in various joints and will interfere with normal activity.

Arthritis is very common in older cats and often causes them to become less active and sleep more, and prevents them from jumping up onto perches and higher surfaces. Since this condition is painful and undoubtedly lowers your cat’s quality of life, veterinary intervention is highly recommended to manage this ailment.

Cognitive Impairment in Senior Cats

Though usually not a cause of death, cognitive impairment is an often understudied conditions that many senior cats deal with. This often goes unnoticed but unfortunately does lower their quality of life. The mechanisms and causes of cognitive decline in cats is poorly understood. However, in many ways, cognitive decline in cats is different from that in humans. For example, cats do not develop the same lesions as humans with Alzheimer’s disease do, even when they experience cognitive impairment and decline.

Nevertheless, it is important to note that you gradually find your senior cat “losing their mental edge” and being slow to respond to changes and new stimuli in their environment. They may occasionally forget the location of their litter box, may forget to self-groom, and so on. Therefore it is important to offer additional care and attention for your senior cat. Though cognitive impairment is often unavoidable in senior cats, you may discuss medication (in the form of supplements) with your veterinarian.

In anecdotal cases, the addition of a kitten to the household helped some senior cats “relive” their younger days as they observed a new addition to the family being trained by their human owners. That being said, the decision to adopt a new pet is not one you should rush into and should be well thought out and planned.

Top 6 Tips for Caring for Your Senior Cat

With the right care and lots of love, you may be able to keep your precious kitty around for as long as possible. Unfortunately, we can’t keep our cats around forever, but some critical tips can help you care for your senior cat and extend their time with you.

1. Pay Extra Attention to Your Senior Cat’s Diet

Since senior cats often slow down in their older years, they will not be expending as much energy. When energy expenditure goes down, nutritional needs change. Talk to your vet about the changes you can make to your cat’s diet to best suit them during their golden years. You want to prevent them from becoming overweight or obese, as it not only puts more stress on their bones and joints but is associated with many health conditions that could shorten their life.

2. Keep a Watchful Eye on Their Health

You should always be wary of any unusual physical or behavioral signs that could indicate a potential health problem for your cat. Seniors are no strangers to health problems, and it’s best to have them evaluated at the first sign of a problem.

3. Keep Up With Dental Care

4. Ensure They Have Access to Clean, Fresh Water

Since kidney disease is a common ailment in older cats, having access to clean, fresh water at all times is a necessity. Be mindful that seniors may not physically be able to access water sources like they could when they were younger and more agile. Cats are often more inclined to drink from moving water sources, such as a pet fountain, as these also pique their curiosity.

5. Ensure They Get Exercise and Mental Stimulation

Regular exercise and mental stimulation are essential for overall quality of life. Take time out of your day to interact and play with your senior cat, even if it is mild and for short periods. Staying active has many benefits and can help increase longevity in the long run.

6. Visit the Veterinarian Regularly

It’s always a good idea to keep up with your cat’s routine veterinary exams to ensure they are as happy and healthy as possible. As your cat ages, your veterinarian will likely recommend biannual exams rather than annual exams. Routine care will help identify any health conditions that may be flying under the radar and give you the chance to begin treatment for anything that could be affecting them.

Conclusion

Featured Image Credit: Kristi Blokhin, Shutterstock

The post Can Cats Die of Old Age? Vet-Approved Facts & Care Tips by Lindsey Lawson appeared first on Catster. Copying over entire articles infringes on copyright laws. You may not be aware of it, but all of these articles were assigned, contracted and paid for, so they aren't considered public domain. However, we appreciate that you like the article and would love it if you continued sharing just the first paragraph of an article, then linking out to the rest of the piece on Catster.com.

It’s not a secret that cats have a special affinity for cardboard. Most cat owners have found themselves baffled by the fact that they can spend hundreds of dollars on various cat toys and other products to keep their precious companion entertained but as soon as a cardboard box comes into the picture, they could care less about all those fancy toys and scratchers.

So, why do cats like it so much? From seeking comfort to enjoying the texture, or simply just having fun playing around, there are various reasons that may help explain this special relationship between cats and cardboard, and we will cover each of them here.

The 5 Reasons Why Cats Like Cardboard

1. It Provides a Sense of Security

Cats may have been domesticated for quite some time, but they still have plenty of natural instincts well intact. In the wild, cats must remain vigilant to keep themselves safe from predation, and one way they do so is by squeezing into small spaces that make them feel secure.

This sense of comfort provided by small, confined spaces is just one of the many reasons that cats are drawn to cardboard boxes. A study even found that when a group of cats was given cardboard box hiding spaces, they were able to adapt more quickly to changes in their environment than the cats that were not provided with the boxes.¹

Because of the security cardboard boxes can provide for our feline friends, it is even recommended that cardboard boxes be provided in situations that may induce their stress levels, such as moving, home renovation, bringing home a new pet, or after a trip to the veterinarian.

2. It’s Perfect for Biting and Scratching

Scratching and biting are normal, instinctive behaviors among cats that serve several purposes. Cats will do this to express emotions, sharpen their claws, and mark things with their scent with the scent glands located in their paws.

Cardboard just so happens to have the perfect texture for scratching and biting since the texture allows them to sink in their teeth and claws all while emitting a satisfying sound. Cardboard is so popular among cats that many cat scratchers available on the market today are made from it.

3. They Enjoy the Warmth

Cats are well known for finding cozy, warm places to nap. This is another instinct that has been passed down from their wild ancestry and why you will often find your cat snuggled up in sunny areas of the house, near heat registers, or curled up in a comfortable bed.

The cardboard retains heat well, so it’s very insulating and allows them to control their body temperature. If you find your cat cramming themselves into a tight-fitting cardboard box, it may be because they are trying to retain heat and keep warm while they nap.

4. It’s Fun to Play With

Cats may be creatures of habit and comfort, but these natural-born predators still need to exercise their instincts through play. Cats love to hide and stalk their prey before pouncing in an attack. Any cardboard boxes lying around will provide excellent concealment from any unsuspecting targets.

While the prey for an indoor house cat is often limited to both human and furry family members, toys, or even the occasional unfortunate mouse, a cardboard box makes for a great place to hide out and wait for their next victim.

5. Cats Are Naturally Curious

Cats may be loving, affectionate, and entertaining companions, but there is one thing they are very well known for: curiosity.  You’ve likely heard the phrase “curiosity killed the cat,” and the reason this saying was coined is because of how incredibly curious cats are by nature.

Thankfully, cardboard isn’t going to pose a danger, but it will certainly spark their curiosity enough to make them wonder what this material is all about. If your cat gravitates toward cardboard, chances are they will quickly find other purposes for it whether it be their new comfy napping spot, a makeshift toy, or an exciting new scratching post.

Conclusion

Whether they are sleeping the day away in a cardboard box or sinking their teeth and claws into that ideal texture, cats may not be able to verbalize their love of cardboard to us humans, but they certainly have no trouble showing us how much they like it through their behavior. Cardboard is a great thing to keep on hand to keep your cat entertained, though it may take the place of all those expensive toys and beds you picked up at the pet store.

• See also: Cardboard Boxes For Cats: Which Size Is Best? Facts & Entertainment Tips

Featured Image Credit: Natallia Boroda, Shutterstock

The post Why Do Cats Like Cardboard? 5 Interesting Reasons by Lindsey Lawson appeared first on Catster. Copying over entire articles infringes on copyright laws. You may not be aware of it, but all of these articles were assigned, contracted and paid for, so they aren't considered public domain. However, we appreciate that you like the article and would love it if you continued sharing just the first paragraph of an article, then linking out to the rest of the piece on Catster.com.

Cat videos took the internet by storm for good reason; these extraordinary little creatures have a way of making us laugh like no other. Every cat lover knows that when you share your life with a feline companion, you are in for a life full of humor, fun, love, and companionship.

Certain animals are known for making laughing sounds and others are even known for expressing a sense of humor. While cats may provide built-in comedic value, can they laugh themselves? The short answer is no, cats cannot laugh, but they can express happiness in other ways that are just as special.

The 4 Ways Your Cat Can Express Happiness

Though cats have the facial muscles to hypothetically laugh, they don’t laugh because they express their emotions in other ways. So, as far as modern science can tell our cats can’t laugh at us. This may come as a relief to some, as we all know how some cats make it very clear that they see themselves as our master and that we are but mere peasants that fetch them anything they need. If you are left wondering whether or not your cat is feeling happy, there are a few ways you can tell.

1. Purring

Meowing may be the most common sound cats are known for, but purring comes in at a close second. Purring is a way that your cat communicates certain emotions, and while this endearing sound may have a few meanings behind it, it is most often a way for cats to express that they are feeling happy, affectionate, and calm.

2. Kneading

Kneading, which is also referred to as “making biscuits” is a very common behavior in domesticated cats that is an indicator that they are happy and comfortable. Now, you may have to suffer through the pain of those precious little kitty claws digging into you as they show their love, but it’s well worth it.

3. Slow Blinking

Blinking can often convey certain messages between humans, but did you know that it is also something cats use as a communication tool? Cat owners are sure to have noticed their cat slowly blinking at them at some point, and while it may seem condescending or judgmental, it means quite the opposite¹.

When a cat slowly blinks, it is a sign that they are feeling positive, relaxed, and completely unthreatened. This means they have no reason to be hypervigilant about your presence but feel safe, secure, and trusting.

4. Friendliness/Playfulness

A happy cat is often friendly, playful, and curious. Each individual will have their unique personality and behaviors but it’s typically very easy to pick up on how happy your cat is when they are very friendly, loving, and ready to play.

Engaging in social interaction, sticking to their normal routine, and displaying other natural behaviors are telltale signs that your cat is not just happy, but also healthy.

Do Animals Have a Sense of Humor?

Now that we know cats can’t laugh, does that also mean they don’t have a sense of humor? There has been much debate over whether any animal other than human beings is capable of having a sense of humor.

By definition, humor is “the quality of being amusing or comic, especially as expressed in literature or speech.” Most animals do not have the type of cognitive abilities that would allow them to understand or express humor.

As of now, there is no solid scientific evidence that cats have a sense of humor, but our closest relatives, the great apes, not only produce laughing sounds but also seem to find certain things funny. Certain birds, marine mammals, and elephants have also shown interesting behaviors in their social interactions.

Even dogs have what sounds like a panting laugh and certain facial expressions that suggest potential humor. Science has yet to fully determine this, but some theories may help us understand it better.

The Scientific Theories Behind Humor

Psychologists and philosophers have spent a lot of time and effort working to define what constitutes humor. The popular theory is the incongruity theory, which states that humor occurs when there is an inconsistency between what one expects to happen and what actually happens.

A more recent theory is that of benign violation, which was developed by psychologists and proposes that humor arises from the so-called benign violation, or “something that threatens a person’s well-being, identity or normative belief structure but that simultaneously seems okay”². With this theory, you can argue that certain animals are capable of having a sense of humor.

Research from 2009 shows that great apes like chimpanzees, bonobos, gorillas, and orangutans can all produce laughter-like sounds when tickled, playing, chasing, and wrestling³. This strongly suggests that humor and the ability to laugh came from the last common ancestor between mankind and the great apes.

The 5 Types of Relationships Between Humans and Cats

There has been a lot of research conducted regarding the relationship between humans and their cats. It has led to the conclusion that there are five different types of relationships that humans and cats can share.

1. Open Relationship

When a cat is very independent and mostly solitary but also bonds with people, it is considered an open relationship. These cats do not require constant companionship and have no trouble being absent from their owner. An open relationship is much more hands-off, lacking a deep bond, and typically involves a more aloof kitty.

2. Codependent Relationship

In codependent relationships, either the cat or the human becomes heavily dependent on one another. This could also go both ways. In a codependent relationship, the cat owner forms a close bond with the cat and spends a lot of time with the pet. The cat will also view their human as part of their tight knit social group and will feel very secure in their company.

This is often a very affectionate bond, but the cat is likely to be aloof or shy with strangers. After learning about all the good things that happen because of the bond, the cat may even become very clingy, which can cause some issues. This type of relationship is most common when the cat is living with one person and is kept indoors at all times.

3. Casual Relationship

In a casual human-cat relationship the cat is often very friendly toward its owner but does not feel the need to keep close by. This typically occurs when cats are allowed access to roam outdoors or the owner leads a busier lifestyle and is out of the house often.

Casual relationships may develop in more chaotic households with small children or other pets that take up a lot of attention, too. In a casual relationship where the cat roams free outdoors, it’s not uncommon for the cat to visit other homes and develop friendly, causal bonds with others.

4. Friendship

Cats and humans that form a friendship have a very special type of bond. Friendship is an emotional bond that is shared between the human and the cat. The humans in this case will treat the cat like a family member and will do what it takes to maintain a close bond with their cat by spending quality time, playing, and showing lots of affection.

The cats will reciprocate the emotional bond and will show their adoration through various behaviors. They may even be friendly and greet strangers because they feel more confident and secure in their homes. This is the most healthy bond between a human and their cat because each can function independently but will also very much enjoy the other’s company.

5. Remote Relationship

A remote relationship involves the cat getting the care they need but remaining aloof and lacking a bond with its caregivers. These cats will often keep their distance from both the owners and others because they do not fully trust or feel secure with humans. There are often no attempts to seek out attention or affection though they may still be very friendly when they interact with their primary caregivers.

Conclusion

Your cat may be hilarious, but they can’t laugh at themselves or anyone else. The science is still out as to whether they have a sense of humor, but research suggests that certain animals may very well be able to show humor to a certain degree. One thing is for sure, cats sure manage to strike our funny bones in the best of ways.

See Also: 

• 7 Feline Facial Expressions that Kill Me Every Time (With Pictures)
• Does My Cat Have a Sense of Humor? The Surprising Vet-Approved Answer

Featured Image Credit: Irina Kozorog, Shutterstock

The post Can a Cat Laugh? Vet-Reviewed Scientific Facts & Information by Lindsey Lawson appeared first on Catster. Copying over entire articles infringes on copyright laws. You may not be aware of it, but all of these articles were assigned, contracted and paid for, so they aren't considered public domain. However, we appreciate that you like the article and would love it if you continued sharing just the first paragraph of an article, then linking out to the rest of the piece on Catster.com.

Cats have a way of turning a clumsy fall into a graceful landing by hitting the ground on all fours with their dignity well intact. While it’s true that they have a natural ability to position themselves during a fall or jump so they can make a perfect landing, it doesn’t always happen that way.

High-rise syndrome is a term used in veterinary medicine to describe the injuries sustained by a cat when they fall from steep heights, typically two stories or higher. Access to balconies, open windows, or anything that puts your cat at risk of falling like this is not considered safe.

In this article, we’ll go in-depth on this subject to learn more about a cat’s reputation for landing on its feet, what kind of risks are associated with falls, and how to keep your beloved kitty as safe as possible.

High-Rise Syndrome

The term high-rise syndrome was first coined in New York City during the 1980s.¹ An animal medical center treated more than 100 cats over a 5-month period that had fallen out of high rises. These cats seen at the clinic paid a heavy price for access to these kinds of heights. They were brought in with varying degrees of trauma, many with very significant injuries.

Cases of high-rise syndrome often surge during months of nice weather when people are opening up their windows and doors to catch some nice fresh air. The problem is that cats also enjoy getting some fresh air and will often sit on windowsills or hang out on the balcony to get a glimpse of the world around them or even just spend some time under the warmth of the sun.

Open windows, balconies, terraces, and fire escapes all pose a significant risk for high-rise syndrome.  Whether they accidentally fall or purposely pounce at a bird or an insect, a fall from this height puts them at severe risk of injury or death.

Why Are Cats Known for Landing on Their Feet?

That age-old saying “cats always land on their feet” may have some reasoning behind it, but it can also mislead people into believing this is always the case. Their built-in reflexes and natural flexibility give them a significant advantage over other mammals.

Righting Reflex

Cats have what is called a “righting reflex,” which is an automatic bodily response that corrects the orientation of the body when it is in an abnormal position so that it can safely land on its feet. This is possible because of the vestibular system in the inner ear that controls both hearing and balance. The righting reflex has been observed in a kitten as young as 3 weeks old.

Flexibility

Cats are very flexible because they have unique skeletal structures. They may be domesticated house pets now but these hardy little creatures had to first adapt to a life in the wild where they climbed trees and other heights regularly. Cats lack a collarbone, and the spine is significantly more flexible than most other animals, which contributes to how agile and graceful a cat’s movements are.

It also allows them to twist and turn their bodies in mid-air during a fall, allowing them to land on their feet with dignity when they’re lucky.

How Far Can Cats Fall?

Cats may be famously known for surviving falls from impressive heights, but there is no exact distance a cat can fall without being injured because there are so many factors at play.

A study related to this topic was completed in 1987 and was published in the Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association.  It included 132 cats that had fallen an average of 5.5 stories and survived. One-third of those cats would have died from the injuries sustained from those falls if emergency veterinary care had not been available.

The research also revealed that the injuries at falls less than seven stories were worse than those seven stories and above. It is believed this happened because it allowed the cats to reach terminal velocity and allowed them to properly brace for impact.

Though exceedingly rare, cats have been recorded falling over 30 stories and surviving. Keep in mind that this type of fall will typically result in death, but it does go to show just how impressive their built-in adaptations can be. While these studies may have revealed some very interesting information, cats should always be prevented from accessing dangerous heights because the threat is very real.

Potential Risk Factors for Falls

Age

Cats generally won’t develop their reflexes until they are several weeks of age. Newborn kittens won’t move around much but should still never be exposed to risky heights. Keep kittens nestled safely in a comfortable, secure, and quiet area with their mother. Senior cats may be at a higher risk of injury from falls just as seen in humans.

Age puts wear and tear on the body and seniors may have arthritis, weaker bones, and aren’t as spritely or agile.

Weight

Overweight cats may be at greater risk of falling if their excess weight limits their flexibility and agility.  It also results in more impact behind the fall. Owners should strive to keep their cats at a healthy weight to avoid any weight-related health concerns and other associated risks.

Environment

The surroundings related to a fall can largely impact the result. The type of surface, height, and nearby objects will all play a role. Keeping your cat securely indoors is the best way to ensure their overall safety.

Dangers of Falling

The dangers associated with falling from a significant height are very serious. If your cat were to fall, they need to be seen by a veterinarian immediately. They will be given a full physical exam and any necessary diagnostic testing including X-rays, MRI, bloodwork, and any other testing that may be needed. The most common injuries related to a serious fall include:

Keeping Your Cat Safe

The most important thing you can do as an owner is to implement preventative measures to keep your cat from being at risk of a bad fall. Here are some of the precautions you should take to prevent your cat from falling from windows and balconies:

Conclusion

While it is true that cats are naturally adapted to handle falls from greater heights when compared to other species, they do not always land on their feet. They may have natural righting reflexes and incredible flexibility that gives them that reputation, but there is always a significant risk of high-rise syndrome if they fall from a significant height.

Since falling can result in very serious injury or death, cat owners should consider keeping their cats indoors at all times and apply the necessary preventative measures to reduce the risk of an accident.

See also:

• Manx Syndrome in Cats: Our Vet Explains the Causes, Signs & Treatment
• Why Is My Cat So Clumsy? Cerebellar Hypoplasia Explained (Vet Answer)

Featured Image Credit: Heide Pinkall, Shutterstock

The post What Is High-Rise Syndrome? Cat Balcony Safety Explained by Lindsey Lawson appeared first on Catster. Copying over entire articles infringes on copyright laws. You may not be aware of it, but all of these articles were assigned, contracted and paid for, so they aren't considered public domain. However, we appreciate that you like the article and would love it if you continued sharing just the first paragraph of an article, then linking out to the rest of the piece on Catster.com.

Tornadoes are a very dangerous weather system that can cause significant damage to homes, cars, property, wildlife, and anything else in their path. While tornadoes can form suddenly and cause a lot of damage in very little time, we humans typically have some sort of forewarning from our meteorologists that the weather system moving in could be prime for tornado formation.

While we have the luxury of modern-day weather technology, cats and other animals have been known to behave unusually before a strong storm hits. We know they aren’t taking what’s being said on the weather channel, so is it possible that our feline friends and other species could sense tornadoes?

It is thought that like other animals, a cat’s inner ear structures may be able to detect changes in atmospheric pressure, which happens when storm systems move in. While they may not know what a tornado is, they likely do sense the changes that occur when the weather is about to change. Likewise, they may be able to perceive a change in the weather through their sense of smell.

Animals and Weather Prediction

For centuries, humans have turned to the animal kingdom to help with the forecast. Animals are highly sensitive to the world around them in ways that humans can only imagine. From storm systems to cold fronts, most farmers will tell you that their animals will behave in certain ways when there is a weather change coming.

Whether it’s a wild animal, livestock, or a house pet, they are all seemingly very connected to mother nature. Even our domesticated animal friends have many of their natural instincts from their wild ancestors still intact. These animals are adapted to living fully outdoors and must rely on their senses for survival, which is why they are so in tune with the environment.

Common Behaviors Observed in Animals Due to Weather Changes

How Will My Cat Act If They Sense a Tornado?

Cats are known for behaving unusually before storms, but what is unusual for one cat may not be unusual for another. The shifts in atmospheric pressure may be picked up through their sense of hearing or smell and how they react to it may vary.

Anecdotally, some cats may become more loveable and want to remain by your side, while others may seek shelter and hide in quiet, secure areas of the house. Because cats like to keep their routine and don’t take well to changes, they often become noticeably more anxious and distressed before storms.

Keeping Your Cat Safe During a Tornado

Tornadoes are a terrifying and potentially devastating natural disaster that strikes fear in the hearts of many. During storms, you will likely be keeping up with the weather through your electronic devices. If the tornado becomes a threat in your local area, you will most likely receive an alert to take shelter immediately.

The problem with tornadoes, however, is that they can strike without much warning. You may have all your plans in place for the family, but there are also some safety measures you should put in place for your cats and other pets if you are in a tornado-prone area.

1. Keep Your Pets Indoors

The safest place for your small animals is inside the home with you and your family. This way you can gather all your pets and move them to your safe location as quickly and easily as possible. If you have an outdoor cat, peek outside to see if they are in the area. If you cannot locate them, they have likely sought shelter nearby because they were able to sense the upcoming storm.

2. Crate Your Cat in Your Tornado-Safe Location

You should always have your tornado-safe place ready, regardless of what time of the year it is. This could be your basement, storm shelter, or windowless room near the center of the home. While you can typically get away with leashing your dogs, your cat should be crated while riding out the storm.

It’s a good idea to have your cat crated once you hear of a tornado watch going into effect. You don’t want to scramble to find them when the warning comes. This can be a very distressing event and it’s for the safety of everyone that they remain in a comfortable crate.

3. Microchips and Identification Tags

If the storm is severe enough to separate you from your pets, the best way to make sure you are reunited is to have them microchipped and wearing their ID tags. Keep your microchip up to date and include any emergency phone numbers for you and loved ones that someone can use to contact you if they find your pet. Likewise, it’s better to place your number on your cat’s collar so that anyone who locates your cat can contact you promptly.

4. Keep Photos of Your Cat

Carry photos of your cat and any other pets so that you can easily share them if you are to become separated. This can also help you prove ownership.

Conclusion

Cats can most likely sense shifts in the barometric pressure when a storm is approaching. They are not the only animals that are responsive to changes in weather, either. Many other species ranging from livestock to wildlife may exhibit certain behaviors when the weather is about to take a turn. These fine-tuned senses are a survival instinct seen across the animal kingdom. If you know a strong storm system is coming, it’s best to be prepared for a possible tornado to keep yourself, your family, and your pets as safe as possible.

Featured Image Credit: chen, Unsplash

The post Can Cats Sense Tornadoes? Vet-Reviewed Facts & Safety Tips by Lindsey Lawson appeared first on Catster. Copying over entire articles infringes on copyright laws. You may not be aware of it, but all of these articles were assigned, contracted and paid for, so they aren't considered public domain. However, we appreciate that you like the article and would love it if you continued sharing just the first paragraph of an article, then linking out to the rest of the piece on Catster.com.

Tales from all over the world have been told of some seemingly impossible things happening on our planet. You are sure to have heard of or even seen interesting hybrid animals that result from crossbreeding certain species. While hybrids in general are real, some are flat-out impossible.

One of those off-the-wall stories is that of the kuppy, the hybrid offspring between a cat and a dog. Thankfully, we have scientific advancements and proven facts on our side to help us weed out fiction from non-fiction, and we can assure you that kuppies are not real.

While it may seem like it would be a dream come true for those who are divided down the middle between being a cat person or a dog person, cats and dogs cannot interbreed.

Why Dogs and Cats Can’t Crossbreed

Not only do dogs and cats have different reproductive anatomy and courtship behaviors, but they are also genetically distinct from one another. Dogs have 78 chromosomes¹ split into 39 pairs, while cats have 38 chromosomes² split into 19 pairs, making it impossible to create a kuppy or a ditten.

To put it simply, species that are different but still closely related have the same sequence of base pairs that form the structure of DNA, making a hybrid possible. Cats and dogs do not have this similarity in DNA; therefore, they can’t produce offspring.

It’s All About the DNA

Mules are among the most widespread and well-known hybrid animals that are a cross between a male donkey and a female horse. Both of these animals are of the equine family, but horses have 64 chromosomes, while donkeys only have 62. Since all offspring get 50% of their DNA from each parent, the mule is left with only 63 chromosomes.

Since 63 cannot be evenly divided into two, mules are sterile. Male mules cannot produce viable sperm, and while there have been a few reports of female mules giving birth to a male donkey foal, this is incredibly unusual³.

Some closely related species do have the same number of chromosomes, however. Excluding humans, all other great apes have a total of 48 chromosomes that are arranged in 24 pairs, theoretically making it easier for these great apes to hybridize than donkeys and horses.

The Facts Behind Hybrids

Most species in the animal kingdom cannot and will not interbreed for various reasons. This is largely due to the significant differences in genetics that make it impossible to do so. There are cases where closely related species produce viable hybrid offspring, though.

The number of chromosomes can be off by one or a few pairs and still result in a viable hybrid species, but there are typically genetic consequences to this kind of pairing. The imperfect exchange of genetic information between two closely related species often leads to sterile offspring.

Hybridization in the Natural World

Many closely related species, like lions and tigers, for example, are geographically separated, making it impossible for the two to interbreed, but other species share the same range and have hybridized naturally.

Beluga whales and narwhals have been proven to interbreed, resulting in the hybrid known as the narluga, which was first discovered in Greenland. Grizzly bears and polar bears have also paired in the wild and created what’s known as the grolar bear. There are plenty of other examples, including plants, insects, and more, that have naturally hybridized.

Humans are often behind the pairings of two different species for various reasons. For example, mules were created as pack animals and to aid in agriculture. They possess a horse’s size and intelligence and a donkey’s strength and courage.

A lot of fruits and vegetables you will buy in the supermarket have also been purposely hybridized to bring out the best properties of the existing fruits.

Most Popular Hybrid Animals

The kuppy may be a hoax that has been brought up several times throughout history, but even though it isn’t in the cards, there are plenty of other impressive hybrids out there.

Cats With Dog-Like Traits (and Vice Versa)

Kuppies are too good to be true, and your only chance of having a dose of a catdog is by turning on the old Nickelodeon show, so where does that leave you? If you are looking for either a dog or cat that takes on some of the traits of the opposite species, there are breeds on both sides that you could consider.

The 7 Cat Breeds That Act Most Like Dogs

1. Maine Coon

The Maine Coon is one of the most popular cat breeds and is a great choice for owners looking for a cat with dog-like traits. Known for being gentle giants, they’re very playful, friendly, and snuggly and will sometimes even get in on a game of fetch with you.

2. Ragdoll

The adorable Ragdoll is a very docile cat breed that loves to socialize, play, and soak up affection. They are Velcro kitties that are full of love and trust for their people They have no problem following their owners around the house. They also like to stay close to the ground rather than perch like most other cat breeds.

3. Manx

The Manx is not only known for their lack of tail but also for their love for people and tends to come when beckoned. They typically get along great with children and other pets and will most likely keep control of the mouse population in your home.

4. Bengal

The Bengal themselves are a hybrid species. This combo of the Asian Leopard cat and a domestic housecat is generally very sweet and loving but can also be aloof to strangers. They become attached to their owners and will thrive on lots of exercise and various activities. They are not a breed meant for everyone, but they do have some dog-like traits.

5. Savannah Cat

Another hybrid species is the Savannah Cat. They have playful personalities and tend to be extremely adventurous. Unlike most other cats, they love to play in the water, can be trained to walk on a leash, and can even be trained to play fetch.

6. Burmese

The Burmese will melt your heart not only with their adorable looks but also their loving, dog-like personalities. These cats won’t stray too far from your side and will be the first to crawl in your lap for some snuggles and pets.

7. Abyssinian

This breed craves people and will even come to you when called. They will often greet their owners at the door and may even be a bit protective against strangers. The Abyssinian is another cat breed that is so friendly, they typically get along great with children and other animals.

The 7 Dogs Known for Cat-Like Characteristics

1. Basenji

The infamous barkless Basenji may not purr but is very nimble and quiet. They are known for being more catlike than most other dogs. They can also be aloof and have a very stubborn streak. If the Basenji has it their way, they’ll only listen to you when they feel like it.

2. Chow Chow

The Chow Chow is a big dog, so they may resemble a lion more than they do a domestic housecat, but they have some feline-like traits that are worth mentioning. This breed is notoriously clean and easy to housetrain, much like a cat. They are also stubborn and willful, which are traits that cats are no strangers to. This is a powerful dog breed with a unique personality, so they are best suited to owners who have experience with the breed.

3. Papillon

This small toy breed from Japan is very curious and agile and will love to snuggle up on your lap, much like most cats. This breed is typically very outgoing and happy and will do well in a home with cats too.

4. Shiba Inu

Shiba Inu has a reputation for being potty trained quickly and easily. They form strong bonds with their owners but are typically aloof with others. They also have an independent streak that will remind you of a cat.

5. Greyhound

Greyhounds may be known for their speed, but they love nothing more than being a good old-fashioned couch potato. These dogs are quiet and don’t require a lot of exercise. They typically do great in apartments and smaller homes, whereas most dogs of their size do not.

6. Manchester Terrier

The Manchester Terrier will take over the mousing for you if you don’t have a cat. These dogs are small, athletic, and graceful and love to hunt—much like another species that we all know and love.

7. Whippet

Similar to the Greyhound, the smaller-sized Whippet is another breed known for racing that is also a lover of sofas. Curling up and going to sleep is their favorite pastime. They also get along great with cats, so it’s a win-win.

Conclusion

Kuppies aren’t real because dogs and cats can’t interbreed. There have been many tall tales, hoaxes, and April Fool’s jokes about them, but no amount of storytelling or internet rumors could craft up a mix quite like this. Hybrids do exist, though, but only between more closely related species. Now, could the infamous kuppy be artificially produced in a secret lab on an island somewhere? The world may never know.

See Also:

• Short Hair Ragdoll Cats – Does This Breed Exist? Facts & FAQ
• Is a Maine Coon Savannah Mix Possible? What You Need to Know!

Featured Image Credit: AJR_photo, Shutterstock

The post Are Kuppies Real? Can Dogs & Cats Crossbreed? What Science Says by Lindsey Lawson appeared first on Catster. Copying over entire articles infringes on copyright laws. You may not be aware of it, but all of these articles were assigned, contracted and paid for, so they aren't considered public domain. However, we appreciate that you like the article and would love it if you continued sharing just the first paragraph of an article, then linking out to the rest of the piece on Catster.com.

Time is a mysterious concept that we use to keep up with our daily lives. We don’t know how it started or whether it even started at all, but we sure do live by it. Don’t worry, we aren’t getting too far into all that, but have you ever wondered if your equally mysterious kitty has any sense of time?

This may come as no surprise, but cats do have what seems to be an understanding of the concept of time. Read on to learn more!

How Do Cats Keep Up on Time?

Research is pretty limited when it comes to an animal’s ability to understand the concept of time. However, a study from Northwestern University¹ discovered some of the clearest evidence to date that animals can judge time. The brain’s medial entorhinal cortex was thoroughly examined, and researchers found a set of neurons that had never before been discovered. These turned on like a clock when an animal was waiting.

With regard to cats specifically, there are several factors to consider when answering this question.

Their Internal Clock

Just like we do, cats have internal clocks that enable them to recognize normal wake and sleep cycles. They are also capable of picking up on their body’s cues when they are feeling hungry, thirsty, or tired, which are biological needs.

Being in tune with natural needs helps give them an idea of how much time has passed between these various activities.

Environmental Factors

Cats are capable of picking up on the typical night and day cycles that they observe in their environment. They can tell when it’s daylight and when nightfall hits.

By nature, they are crepuscular hunters that, in the wild, would come out during both dusk and daybreak to hunt for prey. They are aware of time in the way that they are aware of the night and day cycle.

There are also plenty of other environmental factors that can be picked up on. It could be certain noises that occur during specific times of the day, like when a rooster crows in the morning or when the mail is delivered.

Your Daily Routine

Your daily routine and that of your household will play a significant role in how your cat processes time. This can be related to every aspect of your day, like when you wake up, when you feed them, when you leave for work, when kids go to school, and so on.

Many owners claim that their cats know when mealtime is to the precise minute. This is evident by the way they wake their owners up on a daily basis, even when their caretakers wish to not wake up with an alarm.

In a study involving cats, it was found that they could be trained to distinguish time intervals that were as brief as 5 seconds², and they could even distinguish a 5-second interval from an 8- or 10-second interval.

Cats are also able to keep up with a routine and have been shown to interact more with their humans after a prolonged period of no contact³, which indicates that your cat can sense when you’ve been away for longer than usual. An overly attached pet may even experience episodes of stress in your absence if they notice that you’ve suddenly changed your routine!

Final Thoughts

Cats may not be able to tell time as we can, and they certainly have no use for a watch, but they do have a limited concept of time. Although research on cats specifically is perhaps a bit limited (compared to other animals), we do know that they have an internal clock, can pick up on things in their environment, and get used to daily routines that help them navigate through life and know when to expect certain things throughout the day.

See Also:

• How Do Cats Perceive Time? What Science Tells Us
• How Do Cats Perceive Time? Vet-Reviewed Science & Info

Featured Image Credit: Jumpstory

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